Research Article On Domestic Violence - 1080 Words

Research Article Assignment #2 (75 points) Name: Devon Bratton-Blaniar Group Topic: Domestic Violence Due Date: 3-17-16 General Instructions: Choose a research article from a Family Studies journal. SUBMIT your article on D2L at least 2 days before you submit your assignment. Answer the following questions in detail in the spaces provided. Save your document and include your last name in the place of the word â€Å"lastname†. Make sure you consult the Research Assignment Guidelines prior to completing the assignment. Article 2 Instructions: ANY RESEARCH article within the last 7 years (2008 +) on your topic from a family journal is appropriate for this assignment. DO NOT CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF ARTICLES – Theory article, Literature Review, Brief Report, Book Review, Dissertation, or Book Chapter. 1. Answer the following questions. 7 points a. What type of article was this? (Highlight all that apply) Why do you think so? Qualitative Meta-Analysis Intervention study Quantitative Mixed Methods Case study Longitudinal Observational Cross-sectional b. What is the proper APA citation for this article? Zerk, D. M., Mertin, P. G., Proeve, M. (2009). Domestic violence and maternal reports of young children’s functioning. Journal of Family Violence, 24(7), 423-432. c. Is this article from a Family Studies Journal? How do you know? Yes. In the top left hand corner it says it is from the Journal of Family Violence (J Fam Viol) and it includesShow MoreRelatedChildren s Witnessing Of Adult Domestic Violence1449 Words   |  6 PagesChildren’s Witnessing of Adult Domestic Violence A Summary of the Literature Mia-Tiara Hall HDFM 2533 April 24, 2015 Prairie View AM University Children witnessing adult domestic violence can be traumatizing. It places them in a temporary mindset of confusion of what’s actually taking place. Children have the mindset that home is a safe haven and that â€Å"Mommy† and â€Å"Daddy† are their protectors, their heroes to some. So it becomes strange to them when they see their mother and father involvedRead MoreThe Sentencing Of Domestic And Non Domestic Violence Cases1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe article of, ‘Similar Punishment, Comparing Sentencing Outcomes in Domestic and Non-Domestic Violence Cases’ (hereby referred to as â€Å"article 1†) written by Christine E. W .Bond and Samantha Jefferies used NSW administrative court data from January 2009 and June 2012 to report multivariate analyses of the sentencing of domestic and non-domestic violence offences. The research conducted consisted of independent variables, offender social characteristics, legal and case characteristics and de pendentRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Indigenous Women947 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Domestic violence against indigenous women is everybody’s problem† domestic violence is depicted as a serious social problem that involves â€Å"unspeakable acts of violence† that leaves victims experiencing fear and despair (Taylor 2014). More specifically, the social construction of domestic violence will be discussed with an emphasis on Aboriginal women and a typology of intimate partner violence. The social construction of domestic violence has serious implications for victims of domesticRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women : Statistical Analysis1595 Words   |  7 Pagestwo articles and describe the theses or hypotheses that would guide our research. This learner chose to use the following articles for this purposes which are Hackett s 2011 article, Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India, and Hunter and Graham-B ermann s 2013 article, Intimate Partner Violence and Child Adjustment: Moderation by Father Contact?. Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India The hypotheses for â€Å"Domestic ViolenceRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing a witness to domestic violence. Research and observations that were studied revealed that there are multiple factors that can contribute to a child witnessing domestic violence. The more categories that the child falls into, the more likely they are to develop mental health issues later on in their life (Meltzer, Doos, Vostanis, Ford, and Goodman, 2009). The research conducted by Meltzer et al. (2009), was used to study the factors that were intertwined with domestic violence, as well as to betterRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gender and Domestic Violence1010 Words   |  5 PagesRelationship Between Gender and Domestic Violence Summary: This article discusses the relationship between gender and domestic violence. For many reasons, people commonly believe that domestic violence is more likely equal to wife abuse or woman abuse. But this prejudice is erroneous. On the one hand, because of the definition of domestic violence including dating or cohabitation and modern research finds that husbands as well as wives may be victims, domestic violence is not more likely equal to wifeRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children963 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Domestic Violence on Children Many children witness domestic violence each day. Most times, children witness their mothers being abuse by their fathers, step-fathers, or mother’s boyfriends. According to Couchenour and Chrisman (2011), â€Å"Women and children are at greater risk of being victims of abuse than are men† (p. 131). Witnessing violence or being abused at home has serious effects on children. This article explains the short-term and long-term effects that domestic violence has on childrenRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women : Statistical Analysis1595 Words   |  7 Pagestwo articles and describe the theses or hypotheses that would guide our research. This learner chose to use the following articles for this purposes which are Hackett s 2011 article, Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India, and Hunter and Graham-Bermann s 2013 article, Intimate Partner Violence and Child Adjustment: Moderation by Father Contact?. Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India The hypotheses for â€Å"Domestic ViolenceRead MoreCan The Police Reduce Domestic Violence? How Can They Help Prevent This Issue?966 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction of Research Question(s) What can the police do to alleviate domestic violence? Domestic violence is aggressive and/or violent behavior that occurs within the home, normally involving the violent abuse of a spouse/partner. Domestic violence is physical violence, sexual violence, psychological abuse, financial abuse and/or emotional abuse. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, domestic violence is an epidemic affecting individuals in every community, regardlessRead MoreAbusive Relationships1058 Words   |  5 PagesRelationship. Current Health, 2,(5): 27. This article exploits the signs of abusive relationships. Recognizing abuse and the signs most commonly overlooked by those being abused. The article takes a closer look through the eyes of the abuser in order to reveal the dangers of the relationship. Understanding why and how abusers think is important to a survivor. Distinguishing an attitude from a behavior could be the difference between life and death. The article has helpful insight that act as warning

McDonald’s Corporation Free Essays

McDonald’s Corporation is the world’s leading food service organization. The corporation started out as a small drive-through in 1948 by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald. Raymond Albert Kroc, a salesman, saw a great opportunity in this market and advised Dick and Mac to expand their operation and open new restaurants. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1961 Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers. By 1967 McDonalds expanded its operations to countries outside the U.S.A. This unyielding expansion led the Corporation to open 23,000 McDonald’s restaurants in 110 countries in 1994, producing $3.4 bn in annual revenues. In addition, McDonald’s opens a new restaurant every three hours. Also, McDonald’s has twice the market share of its closest U.S. competitor, Burger King, representing 7% of total U.S. eating-out sales. Similarly, McDonald’s serves about 1% of the world’s population on any given day through its 23,000 restaurants internationally. â€Å"Big Mac†, the world’s most sold hamburger was developed by Jim Delligutti in 1967 to feed construction workers. ‘Big Mac’ is the biggest attraction and backbone of the corporation. Moreover, McDonald’s maintains its competitive advantage by constantly creating new items to add onto its menu. This shows us that McDonald’s practices an analyzer type of strategy, introducing new items and defending its existing ones. â€Å"We serve people with good quality food, fast and at low cost.† McDonald’s vision is to dominate the global food-service industry. Global dominance means setting the performance standard for customer satisfaction and increases market share and profitability through successfully implementing our convenience, value and execution strategies. To have a clear picture of McDonald’s corporation we need to look at its Task Environment, which includes its: We shall also explore McDonald’s Workforce Diversity and its Total Quality Management. Customers are those who pay money to acquire an organization’s goods or services. For many years McDonald’s mostly targeted the young people, however this has changed in this decade; McDonald’s has turned towards a more general market. By doing this McDonald’s concentrates on the family, targeting a diverse market which includes consumers ranging from children to elderly people, using products such as the â€Å"happy Meal† for children and â€Å"Egg McMuffin† for the elderly. McDonald’s also realized the changing world we live in and the need for healthier food, since there is an ever changing demographic group, who demand fast, top quality food that is low in calories. McDonald’s responded to this opportunity and introduced a new and innovative product. This new product was a regular hamburger that tasted like the real thing but was made of plant material like Soya beans. This same product also targets another demographic group, vegetarians. McDonald’s mostly uses psychographic segmentation targeting the working and middle classes. These are the people that are more susceptible to enter a fast food restaurant, since these are the people that lead a fast moving life and thus require a fast meal. In brief McDonald’s customers are of all classes, but largely working and middle classes, and people of all ages. A competitor is an organization that competes with other organizations for resources. In our findings, McDonald’s has two types of competitors in the Lebanese market: Indirect refers to firms producing one or two products that compete with McDonald’s products and therefore be a threat to the company. We have identified four indirect competitors: Henry J. Beans, T.G.I. Friday, K. F. C. and Popeye’s. Henry J. Beans offers hamburgers and fries on its menu, therefore competing with McDonalds for customers of these products. However, Henry J. Beans also known as Hank’s is a more of a bar restaurant and therefore a hang out place, as a result charging more money for its products. Hank’s targets middle to upper class customers, so where most of these customers overlap are in the middle class. T.G.I Friday is another indirect competitor reflecting the same characteristics as Henry J. Beans. Other indirect competitors are K. F. C. and Popeye’s, both competing for the chicken nuggets and fries customers. In brief, Hank’s and T.G.I. Friday’s competes with McDonald’s by offering hamburgers and fries, whereas K. F. C. and Popeye’s compete with McDonald’s by offering chicken nuggets and fries. Direct competitors refers to firms producing the same products or services as McDonald’s does. Here we found that McDonald’s has three direct competitors: Burger King, Wendy’s and Hardee’s. McDonald’s closest rival is Burger King, which operates a total of 9644 restaurants in 110 countries. Wendy’s is McDonald’s second largest rival, which is also in the fast food business, where Wendy’s operates 6776 restaurants in 32 countries. Hardee’s, McDonald’s third largest rival is also in the fast food business and is the only direct competitor apart from Juicy Burger in the Lebanese market. Hardee’s operates 3080 restaurants in 20 countries. As we have illustrated McDonald’s faces stiff competition from three major competitors, Burger King, Wendy’s and Hardee’s. Suppliers is an organization that provides resources for other organizations. McDonald’s has practiced a backward vertical integration, by replacing most of its suppliers. It has done so for two reasons, 2) To ensure that its products are of top quality. These supplies include beef and milk to be used in its products, which it gets from its farms. Other suppliers include local grocery stores that supply McDonald’s with fresh vegetables. Soft drinks are supplied exclusively by Coca-Cola, which is also its ally. McDonald’s supplies also include raw material such as flour, sugar, yeast, etc.,. A strategic ally is an organization working together with one or more other organizations is a joint venture or a similar arrangement. McDonald’s has formed a strategic alliance with: Walmart, Chevron, Amoco, Disney and Coca-Cola. Walmart, which is a large shopping mall chain in the U..S. and several neighboring countries, is allied with McDonald’s, which offers great opportunities for both companies. McDonald’s has restaurants in each Walmart, offering its customers conveniences and excellent fast food at a low cost ease of accessibility. McDonald’s corporation describes it best in this scenario: â€Å"Imagine a busy shopping day at your local Walmart and having the ability to sit down with the kids and enjoy many of our McDonald’s favorites, like ‘Big Mac’ sandwiches, world famous fries and kids favorite ‘Happy Meal’. McDonald’s understands your busy lifestyles and the demands on your time. That’s why we are making it easier for you to do more things in less time.† McDonald’s is engaged in an alliance with two petrol companies, Chevron and Amoco. This alliance represents the ultimate in convenience. At these locations, one finds a full-menu McDonald’s restaurant with dining room service. Nothing can be more convenient, because one can fill up the car with gas and get a meal all in one stop. Another important alliance that McDonald’s has is with Disney. Here McDonald’s has the sole right to sell fast food in Disney’s theme parks around the U..S. and other Disney operations in the world. Under the terms of the agreement, McDonald’s will operate restaurants and Disney will promote its films through McDonald’s. Regulators are groups or governmental agencies that can control and influence the organization’s policies and practices. An example is Lebanon a few years ago when the U..S. government banned all U..S. citizens and organizations to come or operate in Lebanon. Another good example would be the embargo imposed on Iran where U..S. organizations were banned to operate in this country. Another group of regulators called interest groups can and have influenced McDonald’s to treat its animals (cow and chickens) in a much more humane manner, which resulted in the restructuring of McDonalds’ farms throughout its operations around the world. The summary of the task environment which is by definition a specific organizations or groups that affect the organization, which includes competitors, suppliers, customers, strategic allies and regulators. Here we described the task environment’s importance to McDonald’s, where McDonald’s faces both opportunities and has threats in its environment. Diversity exists in a group or organization when its members differ from one another along one or more important dimensions such as age, gender, and ethnicity. Diversity is very important for McDonald’s. Here millions of teens start out by working at McDonald’s. Here some of the teenagers move on to get various jobs such as movie stars, skilled workers, famous athletes, management positions and other educated positions in society. At McDonald’s two thirds of middle and upper management started out as crewmembers in a McDonald’s restaurant. There are opportunities for everybody in McDonald’s from teenagers to elderly workers, and from people just entering or reentering the job market. Moreover, McDonald’s offers special jobs for people who have disabilities, such as people who are in wheel chairs and those who must use crutches permanently. Furthermore, McDonald’s offers their workers flexible working hours. For example, hours for people seeking just a few hours of work per week and those who seek full time positions. The work force at McDonald’s also have some say in their working hours, such as if they prefer the morning, mid-day, or evening shifts in the restaurant. So, McDonald’s uses diversity to create a good atmosphere in their work places among workers and management. Here they offer work to all kinds of people without discrimination and the workers have flexible hours that provides customer satisfaction. Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. For McDonald’s, total quality management (TQM) involves that the employees are at work on time, are neatly dressed, and are clean. The employees must make sure that the customers constantly receive safe food, which implies that the employees must wash their hands often to remain clean. Moreover, the employees must follow certain Standard Operational Procedures, so the customers always receive exceptional quality and service. This includes the employees using plastic gloves when they prepare the food, that the meat and fries are properly fried, and that the vegetables are thoroughly washed when used in the food. Another TQM is that the employees rely on teamwork and high energy to get the job done, so that the customers do not have to wait long for their food. Furthermore, McDonald’s management emphasizes that their restaurants should be clean. This involves that the restaurants are tidy, sparkling and spotlessly clean. As McDonald’s illustrates the quality is that the employees delivers fast, accurate and friendly service with a smile. How to cite McDonald’s Corporation, Essay examples

Planning And Marketing Of Wood Products †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Planning And Marketing Of Wood Products. Answer: Introduction The report presents a brief overview of the hypothetical wood XYZ Company. It explains that how the company is introducing a new product in the market around the world. It describes the keymarketing concepts of the company which are used by the company in order to meet the long-term mission and vision of the firm. It explains thesignificance of marketing mix in the wood company. It tells that how the firm is expanding and flourishing its business in global market. It describes that how the company is launching a new product in the market. Another side, the report talks about the product life cycle of the wood product. XYZ is a hypothetical company. It is dealing in various wood products such as cellulosic ethanol, wood flooring, and wooden bullet, wood chairs, and tables, HYNE GLULAM and PLYWOOD. The company is using good quality of material for making wood products and furniture in the market across the world. The firm is hiring potential and capable employees to deliver and design various types of wood products around the world. The XYZ Company is using innovative technologies to attract more customers in the market (Rowley, Baregheh Sambrook, 2011). Key marketing concepts Marketing is the process through which organizations and individuals acquire various information related to the new products and services in the market across the world. Further, it is the process by which companies create and build values for the customers and develop good and effective customer relationship in order to achieve long-term goals and objectives of the firm. Marketing is the process to promote the new products and services in the market (Mintz Currim, 2013). Various advertisement and promotion strategies are used by the marketers to launch a new product in the market. In this way, the wood company can enhance and increase its sales and revenue across the world. In addition, the company uses various marketing strategies to fulfill the requirements and expectations of the customers in the market. The marketing perceptions are the methodology through which the wood company can evaluate and measure the wants, needs and requirements of the customers in the target market aro und the world. There are various marketing concepts which have been discussed below (Leonidou, Katsikeas Morgan, 2013). Sales concept: It focuses on the sales of the products in order to increase the demand for the products in global market. Sales concept is important to make a good image and goodwill in the mind of the customers in the market. Thus, the company uses various advertisement and promotion campaigns to attract the more customers in the market. In this way, the company is able to gain competitive advantages in the market. The company can use this concept in order to enhance and increase the demand of the wood products and furniture across the world. Through advertisement and promotion campaigns, the XYZ Company is able to make a good image in the mind of the customers in the market (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Production concept: The company could use this concept in order to differentiate the products from its competitors products in the market. Through production concept, the firm is able to produce and manufacture of various furniture and wooden products around the world. The firm should maintain the level of production in the market. It should understand the new and innovative fiber and wood products to increase the sales of the company (Kotler, 2011). Marketing concept: The Company analyzes and evaluates the customer needs, wants and the requirement to introduce the new products in the market. By using this concept, the company is able to design and produce new wood products in the market. In this way, the company is providing satisfaction to the customers around the world. These key marketing concepts are used by the XYZ Company (Wilson, Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2012). Marketing mix The marketing mix is the set of marketing tools which are used by the company in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. It includes product, price, place and promotion. Product: The XYZ company is producing the unique and good quality of products in the market. It helps to produce excellent wood products in the market. In this way, it satisfies the needs and requirements of the customers around the world. Thus, the company should produce good and unique wood products in the market. Price: It is the other important factor to increase and enhance the demand for the furniture and wood products. The company should sell the products at reasonable prices to attract more customers in the market. Further, the company uses cost-effective pricing strategy to reduce the prices of the wood products. Place: This factor plays a vital role to attract the more customers in the market. The company should try to sell the products in different places for differentiating its products from the competitors products in the market around the world. Promotion: It is the important tool to launch new products in the market. None of the company can survive its business activities and operation in the market across the world without promotion of the products. It is an effective technique to gain the various competitive benefits in the market. The company can use a digital medium such as internet sources, email marketing, social media and website to do effective advertisement and promotion in the market. In this way, the company can take various benefits in around the world (Sirmon, Hitt, Ireland Gilbert, 2011). Analysis of domestic and global market The company conducts various programs to enhance and increase the economic resource. Further, various programs are initiated by the company to expand and flourish its business at international level. The company will use various effective and excellent strategies to increase the demand for the products globally. It should focus on the various external factors such as political, social, cultural, economic and environmental factors to flourish its business at the universal level. Further, the company must analyze and measure the strategies and policies of the competitors around the world. In this way, XYZ Company can overcome on the competitors in the market (Schaltegger Wagner, 2011). Various marketing researchers should be conducted by the company to run the business smoothly in the international market. It should use various methods and techniques to improve the quality of wood products in the market. In this way, the company can carry its business activities and operations globally. It will also help to build and develop a good image in the market to retain and attract more customers in the market. To promote the variety of products, the company uses various effective advertisement strategies and policies. In this way, the company is able to meet the long-term mission and vision of the company. If the company wants to expand its business in global market then it should focus on the customers needs, wants and requirements of the customers around the world (Wiewiora, Trigunarsyah, Murphy Coffey, 2013). New product introduced by the XYZ Company The company is dealing a in wide range of wood products in the global market. Wood and fiber mixture products have been launched and introduced by the company. This product can provide various benefits to the company and it will also help to increase the sales of the company. The product has been made by the fiber and wood mixture. It will help in flooring and it will not require any repair and preservation work. The product is quite different from the other products which are available in the market. It is good and unique products compared to the competitor's products in the market. It can also increase the sales and revenue of the company. It can also help to improve the interior of the floor. It will make easy to clean the floor and it will attract more customers across the world. The hardwood and wood mixture can be sold at reasonable prices in global market. It will also help to maintain the beauty of the floor. In this way, the company can beat the competitors in the market. Th e hardwood product can be used in building and shops (Hoskisson, Wright, Filatotchev Peng, 2013). Product lifecycle The product life cycle process includes introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. It is called as the product lifecycle process. The stages of product life cycle have been discussed below. Introduction stage: It is an important to stage to launch a new product in the market. This stage depends on the size and nature of wood product which is introducing and launching in the market. In this stage, the company launches the product in the global market (Cabeza, Rincn, Vilario, Prez Castell, 2014). Growth stage: It determines the growth and sales of the company. In introduction stage, the company introduces a new product in the market. In this stage, the company invest a huge amount to increase the sales and revenue of the firm. In this way, the company is able to gain various market benefits in the world. Maturity stage: In this stage, the product is established by the company. The main aim of this stage is to maintain the market share in the market. It will also provide various competitive advantages in the market globally (Dickinson, 2011). Decline stage: The Company uses various factors in decline stage. At this stage, the company reduces the prices of the products due to competition exist in the market. Under this stage, there are also continuous changes in the distribution and production cost over the product life cycle. In this stage, the sellers try to maintain the reasonable prices of the products in the market across the world. The company makes fresh and unique innovation in the technology to increase the sales and revenue of the products. Further, the company tries to maintain a balance between price and demand of the wood products around the world. It plays a vital role while launching a new wood product in the market (Gandhi Jain, 2011). Conclusion The report is based on the hypothetical company XYZ. It explains that various marketing strategies and policies of the market. On the above discussion, it has been concluded that the company uses various effective and unique promotion and advertisement strategies to increase the demand for the wood products across the world. The company uses product lifecycle process to launch the new product in the market. In addition, the company must focus on the target market to attract more customers in the market. In this way, the company can expand and flourish its business in global market. References Cabeza, L. F., Rincn, L., Vilario, V., Prez, G., Castell, A. (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,29, 394-416. Dickinson, V. (2011). Cash flow patterns as a proxy for firm life cycle.The Accounting Review,86(6), 1969-1994. Gandhi, V.P. Jain, D. (2011).Indian Institute of Management. Institutional Innovations and Models in the Development of Agro-food Industries in India: Strengths, Weakness, and Lessons. Hoskisson, R.E., Wright, M., Filatotchev, I. Peng, M.W. (2013). Emerging multinationals from mid?range economies: The influence of institutions and factor markets.Journal of Management Studies,vol. 50 (7), pp.1295-1321. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kotler, P. (2011).Marketing insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. John Wiley Sons. Leonidou, C. N., Katsikeas, C. S., Morgan, N. A. (2013). Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), 151-170. Mintz, O., Currim, I. S. (2013). What drives managerial use of marketing and financial metrics and does metric use affect performance of marketing-mix activities?.Journal of Marketing,77(2), 17-40. Rowley, J., Baregheh, A., Sambrook, S. (2011). Towards an innovation-type mapping tool.Management Decision,49(1), 73-86. Schaltegger, S., Wagner, M. (2011). Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions.Business strategy and the environment,20(4), 222-237. Sirmon, D. G., Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Gilbert, B. A. (2011). Resource orchestration to create competitive advantage: Breadth, depth, and life cycle effects.Journal of Management,37(5), 1390-1412. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Unknown Girl in the Maternity Ward Essay Example For Students

Unknown Girl in the Maternity Ward Essay English 1302December 3, 2003The bond between a mother and her child is one that cannot be severed. From the moment that the child is conceived, and the mother begins tocarry the baby, there is a special bond. During the course of nine monthswhich the mother carries the child in her womb, the child is completelydependent on her. There is nothing that anyone can say or do that can takethis away. In Anne Sextons, Unknown Girl in the Maternity Ward, Sextonwrites of a woman who has given birth, and is now having to give her childup for adoption. The mother speaks to her newborn child about her beingseparated from the baby, and the emotions that follow. Sextons workexplains the emotional roller coaster that a mother can experience whenbeing separated from her child. We will write a custom essay on Unknown Girl in the Maternity Ward specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Mother speaks to the newborn as she is becoming familiar withhim/her. She realizes that in a short amount of time the baby will nolonger be hers. Sexton has written this work in the first person point ofview. This is made apparent when the poem begins when the mother isspeaking to her child by using the word child in the first stanza. Thispoem follows no set rhyme scheme and is written in open form. In the firststanza, Sexton is describing the child by using similes. Lie, fisted likea snail, (Sexton 3) she is describing her child as she shares the bond ofbreastfeeding her child. Your lips are animals, (Sexton 4) describes thechilds hunger, and how the baby latches to the mothers breast. Shespeaks of having to give up her child and the bond that will soon bebroken. There is no worse feeling than having a child, and on the birthcertificate having to put nothing where the fathers name belongs. Peopletend to form their own conclusions, and in some cases, a mother can donothing about this. As the mother continues to ponder the loss that she isenduring; The doctors are enamel, (Sexton 17). This describes thestiff, cold attitude that the doctors have towards the mother. They haveno answers about the childs father, and are left to assume the worst;going the way men go, and leave you full of child, (Sexton 19-20). Doctors require pertinent information concerning the childs father when achild is born. This information is for medical purposes, records, etc. The mother continues to keep this answer to herself, and the doctors areforced to leave the information blank. Sexton refers to a father who isvery unstable, and is not sure what he requires out of life; she describeshim as; Some pendulum soul, (Sexton 20). Mother speaks to her child as she is lying in waiting for her child tobe taken from her arms; Yours is the only face that I recognize., (Sexton29). The mother feels very alone, and her child is all that she knows. Imagery is used when the mother says; you drink my answers in, (Sexton30). The reader can visualize the child staring at his/her mother withblue stones, as the baby listens intently to everything that is beingsaid. Although the baby does not know, much less understand what is beingsaid, the mother has no one else, and turns to her child for comfort. One of the more powerful similes; My arms fit you like a sleeve,(Sexton 42-43) describes how she feels that she and the child belongtogether. She knows that she does not want to let the child go, althoughshe also knows that she must do what is best for the child. The motherbegins to regret not telling the doctors the name of the father; It is youmy silence harms, (Sexton 48) yet she still tells the doctors; Name offather none, (Sexton 52). Sexton describes the feelings that a motherexperiences when she is forced to give up her child. Whether it is adecision that she has made for herself or for the childs sake, it is oneof the hardest that she will ever have to make. She knows that she willhurt only her child from the decision that she has made to keep thefathers name a secret; yet she is torn between what is right, and what shefeels that she must do. She chooses to remain silent. .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 , .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .postImageUrl , .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 , .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:hover , .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:visited , .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:active { border:0!important; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:active , .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4 .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uadbc6716569dacfd19cb8ed69d4339f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My First Day on the Job EssayIn the closing stanza, the feelings that the mother has right beforeher child is taken, are described. She has now prepared herself to giveher child up. She has said and done all that she can, and knows that sheis loosing everything and giving up her life; There is nothing more that Ican say or lose, (Sexton 54-55). As her child is being torn from her, sheavoids the childs stare; I tighten to refuse your owling eyes, (Sexton58-59). She knows that in a matter of seconds, the child that she oncecarried will no longer be hers. She also knows that there is nothing thatcan break the bond that she has made with this child. Go child, who is mysin and nothing more, (Sexton 65) and the child is taken form her. This work uses several metaphors and similes to convey the messagethat Sexton is trying to get across. Sexton wants her readers to feel theloss that the mother has gone through. The general subject of this poem isadoption, and Sexton does a very good job portraying this. Sexton uses avery heartbreaking tone in this work, with the use of metaphors and similesto strengthen the emotions of love that are also portrayed in this poem. A small knuckle on my white bed, (Sexton 3) the animal of your lips,(Sexton 32) they are blue stones, they begin to outgrow their moss,(Sexton 34-36) the wild bee farms of your nerves, (Sexton 44-45) andyour owling eyes, (Sexton 58). Sexton uses these metaphors to describethe newborn child and the mothers feelings toward the baby. Sexton haswritten this poem with the understanding of the bond that a mother andchild share. The relationship between a mother and child is veryunpredictable, yet, there is nothing that can come between the ties thatbond them together.

Disaster Recovery essays

Disaster Recovery essays Before September 11th disaster recovery seemed to be something that was never strongly thought about. On that day the World Trade Centers recovery plan was put to the test. The damage done to the towers was tremendous, and the people involved risked their own lives trying to save others. The city was put to the test on February 26 1993 when the towers were bombed the first time. The number of missing people could have been larger but there was a plan to follow, which sped things up in escaping the building. A disaster recovery plan for any building can save lives, as well as save the business. The definition of a disaster is any accidental or intentional event that causes significant disruption to a companys operation. Each company will be faced with its unique set of threats and corresponding vulnerabilities. These threats and vulnerabilities will depend on the nature of the companys products or services and its geographic location. In the initial risk analysis all possible disasters should be reviewed to determine their probability of their potential for inflicting loss. (Chantico1) The purpose of having a plan in place is to ensure the safety of occupants.Resume vital operations within a specified time after the incident occurs. Returning to normal operations as soon as practical and possible is key to keep a company going. Training personnel and familiarizing them with emergency operations will ensure a quick recovery. The plan should consider various types of disasters and varied durations of service interruption. It should detail the actions to be taken based on the level of damage, rather than an individual type of loss. Exceptions to this rule will be regional disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, blizzards in which case the plan should detail specific actions. (Chantico1) The detailed information needed to develop a recovery plan will vary by company. But there are four features tha...

Beyond the Scenery

The summer sun beamed down, making the bright daisies sparkle and shimmer like tiny stars. My hand grazed the familiar sunset pink journal, gliding over the faded rough edges. My big muddy brown eyes gazed at the sky filled with white puffy clouds. Gusts of wind blew throughout the park, dandelion puffs flying throughout the sky. Crystal waters stained the ground as a family of geese softly swam atop. The water was a clear blue, matching the shade of my mother’s eyes. With every splash, the baby geese would come closer together. The mother goose led them to still water, making sure her children would be alright, reminding me of my own mother. My mom would pick me up, and smile at my face full of innocence. I would be wearing a beautiful gown, and end up getting it covered in birthday cake. I would dance around the room, my older sister and brother running about. Then my mother would say, â€Å"You can do whatever you want to do, my baby girl.† She handed me a notebook that day, and ever since, I’ve never stopped writing. Soon, The flashback blurred, my mind slowly returning to the park. My eyes drifted away from the pond, looking up at the oddly shaped clouds. A giraffe-shaped and an elephant-shaped cloud flew across the sky, bringing me back to when I was only 12 years old. â€Å"Let’s build a fort!† I shouted, sitting up off the grassy floor. My friends looked up at me, their eyes sparkling as if I had ignited some sort of firework. Right away, we all started getting to work. I rolled up my sleeves, my sturdy overalls warm for the cold journey ahead. My fingers became sappy as I collected fallen branches and leaves. Autumn had taken a toll on the trees leaving the sky an odd mix of purple and blue with streaks of silver. I pulled out my notebook, scribbling down our blueprints. One hour later, my plan had worked! Our fort stood tall, shining bright during the cold fall. All my friends giggled as we laid down in our fort gazing at the clouds through the cracks of our tiny roof. Suddenly, my mind drifted back to reality once more. My body lurched forward, standing up and stretching. I looked around for another cloud, but ended up staring off at the many trees around me. The sun began to set, the trees at a silent standstill. Small children climbed up the trunks, the leaves a bright shade of green, matching the grass below. I sat back down, noticing the sapling beside me. It had a short brown stem adorned with a green top, it still had a lot of growing to do, just like me. I want to learn more. I want to travel more, to places like Italy and France. I could write about all of the places I see and work it into my fiction and fantasy. I want to have my novels inspire others to life lives of adventure. I want to write poems about oddly shaped clouds. I want to host a party where everyone just plays silly board games. I want to write literature where people feel my own characters’ emotions. I want to grow. A smile found it’s way to my face, my hand reaching out for my pink notebook. This notebook has been with me for a long time, it’s filled to the brim with stories and ideas. The smell of ink wafted through my nose, a sense of reli ef washing over me as one last gust of wind blew throughout the humble scenery.

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Homework - Assignment Example However, not always can a woman be fortunate enough to integrate her hobby into her profession. in a vast majority of cases, families with dual working partners put a lot of burden upon the woman. This is because of the fact that a woman’s real job is thought to be managing household, and her contribution in the labor market is not acknowledged. Instead, she is expected to do it in addition to, if she can manage, her fundamental job at home. Thus, if a woman’s marital life gets disturbed and the husband is not ready to compromise, she should rather specialize in household because this is what societal norms require of her. Why have women been so eager to increase their participation in the labor market, and why have men been so reluctant to increase their participation in housework? Women have always been underestimated by men that happen to be the stronger gender on physical grounds. There is no doubt in the fact that nature has vested delicacy in women as opposed to s trength in men, though the lack of physical comparison has been misinterpreted by many men who also do not consider women brainy enough to compete with them in the labor market. On the other hand, lack of physical strength equal to men has inculcated a desire in women to prove that things are different on other scales of comparison.

The Merchants Tale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Merchants Tale - Essay Example He is upset that such a beautiful young woman married an old fellow. As they returned to their home, January apologized in advance for the sexual exploits he would act on her. After the customary four days, May joins January at the banquet table and it is at this point that he notices Damien’s absence and is informed he is ill. He sends May to visit him on his behalf, during the visit, Damien hands a letter to May declaring his love for her and in return she reciprocates by writing to him about her love towards him. However, January’s happiness does not last for long as he loses his eyesight, this result to him relying on May for assistance, something that Damien is not happy about. May signals to Damien to January’s secret garden. She displayed a lusty appetite for fruits and led January to the garden where she asked him to bend over and let her stand on his back as she climbed a tree to get pear. She climbed up where she met Damien and they had sex. Suddenly, J anuary’s eyesight was restored and saw May and Damien having sex and he was filled with rage. May convinced January that his sight was weak and the brightness affected his sight such that he saw certain things strangely. She jumped from the tree and January embraced her. According to the merchant, the theme of marriage can be described from two fronts in this tale: marriage as a state of holy matrimony, a means to secure an heir, he demonstrates a wife who has good qualities and how they support each other during instances of need. However, he also reflects his bitterness towards marriage as he is unhappy and has only been married for two months. Due to May’s infidelity, the reader may conclude that January is a foolish husband, May, a slut and Damien a

Aesthetics - the issue of the possible existence Essay Example for Free

Aesthetics the issue of the possible existence Essay Burke follows in the empirical tradition of Locke. He believes that all human knowledge comes out of impressions or sense experiences. We then take these simple bits of knowledge and combine them to form more intricate ideas. Our imagination is limited to use of the knowledge we extract from our impressions and are, therefore, incapable of creating anything completely new. He says that our imagination either portrays pleasing images again in the order we experienced them or reorders and combines these images of our experiences. Burke offers that humans receive pleasure from resemblances. Accurate imitations stimulate our minds. Burkes goal and main concern is the issue of the possible existence of a standard or logic of taste. Burke is searching for certain principles that affect our imaginations in such a common and certain way that they could be a basis for the means of reasoning satisfactorily about them1. Burke states that these principles do exist. He says that even though it seems as though there is such a variety of taste, there is a standard that lies beneath the superficial range of differences. All humans perceive external objects in the same way. We become familiar with these external items by way of our natural powers: the senses, imagination and judgment. The most natural understandings that we receive are quite standard, what appears light to one is light to any other and what is sweet to one is again sweet to another. Burke shows that humans have a common agreement on these issues of preference by giving examples of expressions taken from taste experiences such as A sour temper, bitter expressions sweet disposition, a sweet person1. Burke realizes that there are many people who act in ways that would seem contradictory to these assertions, such as the preference of the taste of tobacco over that of sugar. These divergences from the natural pleasures and pains are a result of custom. They do not uphold the argument for diversity of taste, but rather call for a differentiation between Natural and Acquired taste. A man grows to prefer the taste of tobacco to that of sugar by conditioning his palate from habit. It is a synthetic preference, however, and the man still understands that tobacco is not sweet and sugar is sweet. Also if a man finds sugar to be sour we do not say that his taste is different, instead we say that his taste is not functioning correctly. Burke writes that when talking about acquired taste one must consider the surrounding factors such as the specific habits and prejudices of a particular person. These customs and intolerances do not oppose the agreement of mankind, but rather mask it. This conformity among humanity does not exist only in terms of the palate; it is quite the same in matters of sight. Light is more agreeable than darkness and summer and its conditions are more pleasant than winter and its conditions. Burke states that no man truly, naturally believes a goose to be more beautiful than a swan. To Burke sight is less subject to custom than the palate, however, change is applied. This applied change brings him to his next point about the palate. He says that these changes in palate, which make unpleasant flavors more pleasurable, are a result of frequent use combined with an agreeable effect. This affects humans in the way of substances such as opium, tobacco, alcohol, tea, and coffee. Burke writes There is in all men a sufficient remembrance of the original natural causes of pleasure, to enable them to bring all things offered to their senses to that standard and to regulate their feelings and opinions by it 1. Natural pleasures are still preferred to unaccustomed substances that induce agreeable effects. Someone who has grown to prefer opium to sugar would still prefer the taste of sugar to a drug that they do not have a habit with. There is a standard of pleasure of the senses in all humans. Burke explains imagination as our greatest source of pleasure and of pain. Since imagination is based on the senses then it too must have universal agreement among all men. The mind is much more disposed to picking up on resemblances than to finding differences in what we observe. Our imaginations are incapable of creating anything absolutely new so we must expand our stock through experience, and in resemblances we are able to find new images. We unite and accumulate and move forward with our feelings with likenesses rather then difference which cannot be placed.

Use of Weather in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Use of Weather in Jane Eyre    In the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, good weather is Bronte’s tool to foreshadow positive events or moods and poor weather is her tool for setting the tone for negative events or moods.   This technique is exercised throughout the entire novel, alerting the readers of the upcoming atmosphere. In the novel, Jane’s mood is, to a degree, determined by the weather mentioned. For example, after Jane was publicly and falsely accused of being a liar by Mr. Brocklehurst, an upcoming positive event was predicted when Jane described her surroundings, â€Å"Some heavy clouds swept from the sky by a rising wind, had left the moon bare; and her light streaming in through a window near, shone full both on us and on the approaching figure, which we at once recognize as Miss Temple† (62).   Surely enough, Miss Temple invited the two girls to her room and treated them with cake and tea, which brought Jane comfort from the public humiliation.   â€Å"We feasted that evening as on our nectar and ambrosia; and not the least delight of the entertainment was the smile of gratification of our hostess regarded us, as we satisfied our famished appetites on the delicate fare she liberally supplied† (65).   Another example of this is Jane’s first morning at Thornfi eld.   A positive mood was foreshadowed when Jane described the weather as such: â€Å"The chamber looked such a bright little place to me as the sun shone in between the gay blue chintz window and carpeted floor, so unlike the bare planks and strained plaster of Lowood, that my spirit rose at the view† (90). This not only foreshadowed the positive mood of Jane, but also the experience she would have in the near future living in Thornfield.   She would soon discover her husband to be Mr. Rochester and appreciate her companies such as Mrs. Fairfax and Adele, who for the first time in her life treat her as an equal.   All positive weather described in the novel foreshadowed either a positive mood or event, sometimes both.   Bronte was consistent with this use of the weather. On the other hand, poor weather in the novel was used to foreshadow negative events or moods.   In the opening of the novel, when Jane was living in Gateshead, she was reading while an unpleasant visit of John Reed was foreshadowed:   â€Å"After it offered a pale blank of mist and cloud: hear, a scene of wet lawn and storm-beat shrub† (2).

Human Behavior in Organization Essay

Human behavior in an organization determines the quality of work, progress and success of the organization. No machine and no computer can work by itself. No product is developed and manufactured by itself. It’s the workforce or rather the human resources of an organization who develop ideas, create new products and services and then deliver them to the markets. Thus, it is important for the management of an organization to analyze the behavior of its entire work force. Human performance consulting is in vogue today, thanks to the greater emphasis on he psychology of the people behind the desk. Every organization differs from the other with respect to its policies, work environment, recruitment process, Job evaluation and culture. The most natural human tendency is to react positively and with great intensity where they are compensated well, encouraged well and get additional perks and holidays. In no way is it being suggested that an organization should overpay its staff. However, it must be kept in mind that the organization must treat its work force with immense dignity and respect and provide sufficient compensation. Even make the cleaning staff in your organization feel special and encourage them to do their task in the best possible way! The work force must be treated as an asset, not a liability, and once this is done you will notice remarkable change in the collective human behavior. Apart from the internal environment of the office, the external personal environment plays a major role in his/her behavior and attitude. We are social animals with unique aspirations, hopes, insecurities. Only those who enjoy their work can have a healthy balance between personal and professional life. Those who don’t enjoy their work will most likely not be satisfied with the work nor be content in their personal life due to the imbalance that exists. One important way to analyze human behavior is to study the relationship effectiveness. How effectively your staff communicates and relates to each other can tell you how much they care for their work and the people around them. Without proper training the office dynamic can become imbalanced Just like any natural system. It is not likely for an accountant or a biologist to sit and study human behavior ffectively. You must have trained experts who understand the unique challenges the workplace brings. Not everybody is gifted with the skill to foresee a person’s behavior beforehand. JM Perry, through his coaching packages, helps develop these skills inside organizations. You can have professionals attending one-on-one sessions or learning through live chats or audio-video CDs. After completing Perrys coaching you will be able to comprehend how to analyze human behavior and how to improve your behavior.

Nelson Mandela Essay

â€Å"The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall,† is a quote by Nelson Mandela, which represents what is needed in order to enjoy success in capturing or living a dream, a hope or a goal. What the quote means, is that in order for one to receive satisfaction, one must be able to overcome failure to achieve success instead of never failing. People don’t ever look at failing as a positive. Instead, they always looked at it as a negative. In reality, people who have never failed will never learn the importance rising after we fall. This quote from Nelson Mandela makes real good sense. If it wasn’t for that type of thinking South Africa will not be where it’s at today. It was his strive to overcome prison and all types of adversity, that South Africa is what it is today. Being able to climb back up and succeed after failure is the only way of really achieving success in capturing a dream, a hope or a goal. By following the quote, Nelson Mandela was able to be the first colored president of South Africa and changed the way politics were handled. If he would have given up after he was thrown in prison, he wouldn’t have gotten South African to where it is today. It was his strive to get back up on his feet and fight for what he believed in that got him to where he was. If he was not able to rise after he fell, where would South Africa be right now? No one person can succeed by staying on the top or no one person can succeed by staying on the bottom. There is a saying that best describes this, which is â€Å"what goes up must come down.† Typically when people come down it’s hard for them to ever go back up. With Nelson’s quote, to truly enjoy success for a dream, a hope or goal, one has to be able to get back on their feet after they have failed. Without failure, there will be no success.

Leukemia Case Study Essays

Leukemia Case Study Essays Leukemia Case Study Essay Leukemia Case Study Essay Leukemia are cancers of the blood- forming tissues. White blood cells may be produced in excessive amounts and are unable to work properly which weakens the immune system. The patient is a 68 year old male admitted on 02/07/201 S with chief complaint of weakness and shortness of breath. Patient was admitted to the medical- surgical unit with pneumonia. Description of Condition First of all, What is Leukemia? In healthy person, white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and then it transfer to the blood in a continuous basis. Bone marrow is the spoon). Tissue inside the bone where blood cells are made. They are produced by stem cells in the long bones. According to Assignations and Workman (201 3), Leukemia accounts for 2% of all new cases of cancers and 4 % of all deaths from cancer (as cited in American Cancer Society, 2011). In a person with ML the same process occurs, except the white blood cells production proceeds to an excessive uncontrollable rate of immature white bloo d cells. In acute leukemia, the leukemia or blast cells function abnormally and accumulate in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow, and central nervous system. At an uncontrollable rate leukemia cells dont stop diving when should. Most patients with acute leukemia will only live few months if left untreated. Body then is deprived of essential components for its immune system. Leukocytes(white blood cells) protect our bodies from infections and cancer development. Furthermore, it presents with pare skin, patchier, bleeding from minor cuts, lack of energy , and mild fever and aches in the joints or bones(Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2011). There are may types of leukemia, but the four most common forms are derived from only two types of cells, lymphocytes, and employees. There are subtypes of these diseases, which are classified depending on pacific cell type involved or degree of maturity. The estimates for leukemia in the United States for 2014 are about 1 8,860 new cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Most will be in adults. (American Cancer Society, 2014). Etiology and Risk factors The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. There are many different origins and risk factors for the four main kinds of leukemia and while some may be directly linked, there are others that show small linkage to anything at all. Environmental and genetic factor are involved in the development of leukemia. Risk factors to the development of leukemia include environmental actors, immunologic factors, genetic factors, reduced production of blood cells in the bone marrow, exposure to chemical and drugs, viral infections, and ionizing radiation. ML has no main risk factors, but does have a few potential risk factors like excessive exposure to benzene, a chemical found in cigarette smoke and work places (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2011). Smoking is a risk factor for many diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, kidney disease among others but what most people fail to realize, It is a risk factor for leukemia. Leukemia can be acute, with sudden onset and short oration, or chronic, with slow onset and persistent symptoms for years. According to Assignations and Workman (201 3), With Leukemia, cancer most Often Occurs in the Stem cells or early precursor leukocyte cells, causing excessive growth or a specific type of immature leukocyte (p. 880). Also, the cells accumulate in the blood and in certain organs, forcing out healthy cells and interfering with the function offbeat organ. ML is caused by abnormalities of our DNA that controls the development in your bone marrow. These abnormal cells build up and replace healthy cells. Sign and Symptoms The patient with acute leukemia has abnormal labs like decrease hemoglobin and homoerotic levels, low platelet count and abnormal white blood cells counts. There are some changes associated with acute leukemia due to these abnormal labs. The blood circulate through the body thus affecting all organ systems. There are may symptoms of ML, in the early stages, the symptoms of ML may resemble the flu. Symptoms of leukemia are linked with the blood function because the initial pathogenesis of the disease in on the bone marrow . The following are the common manifestations of leukemia : anemia , bleeding or bruising bone and joint ins , recurrent infections due to an increase in immature white blood cells, swollen lymph nodes abdominal distress , and breathing difficulty. Anemia due to a low ROB count. Because red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body . The anemia occurs due to the incapacity of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in association with the overcrowding Of the bone marrow with the proliferating cancerous cells . Manifestations of this symptom include the tiredness of the patient, faster breathing , and paleness, fatigue and short of breath. Patient is unable to do simple this like bathing because there is no energy. Also, skin becomes pale and cool to touch as a result of reduced tissue perfusion. Leukemia which is a low WEB count or decrease in production of mature, healthy, functional white blood cells. Leukocytes, which in turn weaken the body immune response; thus, the patient is vulnerable and prone to recurrent infections. Recurrent infections that can be viral or bacterial and occurs over the past weeks are brought about by the disrupted capacity of the immune system to mount an immune response due to the presence of immature white blood cells . Thermodynamic a low blood platelet count. The platelets are the load cells responsible for blood clotting. A shortage of blood platelets may lead to easy bruising or bleeding. The multitudes of cells present in the bone marrow results to pain in joint and bone . Abdominal distress is an outcome of the pooling of leukemia cells in the liver spleen , and kidney which causes the swelling of these organs. Because of enlarged liver or spleen or surrounding organs due to the build up Of abnormal cells spleen and liver may cause feeling of fullness (loss of appetite). This leads to weight loss, anorexia, nausea. Blood clotting times and factors are abnormal. Clotting time is prolonged as well. Patient History and Medication Reconciliation Patient is a 68 year old male. He was admitted on 02/07/2015 with chief complaint of weakness and shortness of breath. Patient has a past history of coronary artery disease status post MI, trial fibrillation status post pacemaker, leukemia, in remission, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, anomic brain injuries after cardiac arrest, who has been complaining of weakness over the last 2 weeks. The patients family were concerned for pneumonia and they call EMUS. He was found to have pneumonia by chest x-ray in the Emergency Room. Patient diagnostic test in the ERE include White blood cell 3. , Hemoglobin 11 . 1, platelets 90, sodium 129, potassium 4, chloride 92, vicars 27, BUN 19, creating 0. 2, glucose 137, EKE is sinus rhythm at 72 beats per minute, wide SIRS, nonspecific inter ventricular block, SST-T abnormality, dioxin 0. 7, trooping less than 0. 01, BAN 5081. The patient past us racial history include CAB, material valve replacement with mechanical valve, Hernia repair, pacemaker in place. Patient is allergic to codeine. Patient had itch skin as stated by wife. Patient has a history of smoking long time ago. Smoked 1 pack daily for 20 years. The patient uses alcohol rarely. Patient lives at home with his wife. Patient home medication include Emendation 200 MGM once daily, transportation 20 MGM once daily, dioxin O. 25 MGM once daily, hydrazine 25 MGM ;ice dally, shorebird 20 MGM twice daily, lowercase 1 MGM Q. H. S PR. , meteorology MGM once daily, proton 40 MGM once daily, superannuation 25 MGM once daily, soma 0. 4 MGM once daily, Commanding 1 MGM once daily. Patient was admitted to the medical-surgical floor with pneumonia patient will be put on elevating and given ethylene as needed for fever. Patient is positive for dizziness, positive for shot-term memory loss, positive for dry cough, positive for shortness of breath. No chest pain, no nausea or vomiting. No abdominal pain, no diarrhea, no constipation Positive for fever. Nursing Assessment, Medications, and Labs Patient noted to be sleeping on arrival. Patient breathing normally with occasional cough. Patient recent Vitals (0)38. 2-76-18 on 2. 5 L 1 19/54. Patient had no pain at this time. Patient is on fall precautions. Patient noted to be confused and respond to voice only. Patient physical exam reveals him to be alert and oriented to person, place, and time. He communicates, though not readily. His speech and vision are intact but only to voice. Patient spends to voice commands only, and when looking at him in the eye. He has an equal grip bilaterally and can move all extremities, though he is slightly weak and needs assistance with nursing activities such as with reposition. Patient is on telemetry monitor. His apical pulse 78. Capillary refill is less than 2 s. No Jugular vein distention noted. His peripheral pulses are weak and equal. No B/L peripheral edema noted. Patient had flowstone in place. No shortness of breath noted. No nasal flaring. Chest expansion symmetrical. His left lung is clear on auscultation, but right upper lobe of the Eng rancho was heard on auscultation, his respiratory rate is 18, and his oxygen saturation is 98% on 2. L of oxygen via nasal canal. Patient is able to turn, cough and deep breath. Patients wife assisted him with the use of incentive speedometer at 1200. Patient noted to have a pacemaker on right chest wall. Also, on the left chest patient has an infusorians that hasnt been access. In the middle of the chest patient has an old scar form CAB. He has positive bo wel sounds in all quadrants on auscultation , and his abdomen is soft, round, and non tender. He had a small loose brownish bowel moment this morning. Patient is passing flatus. He is on a regular diet, but his appetite has been poor for the past few weeks his wife stated. Wife stated that patient did not have anything to eat for breakfast except for a few sips of juice. For lunch, wife fed patient about 25% and 120 ml of milk. Patient takes pills whole. Patient has his own teeth, and does not wear glasses. No bladder distention noted. No burning on urination. Client is incontinent of urine. This morning nursing student put a new condom catheter. Client is voiding appropriately and his urine is clear and yellow. No foul odor or cloudy. He appears pale and is unkempt. His skin is warm, dry, and intact. NO ash noted. Oral cavity dry. He appears somber and is slow to comply with nursing instructions. Patient has a saline lock on left arm on the thumb side. No pain, rather, edema noted. At 1 100, 0. 9% INS IV fluids 50 ran_/hrs. Patient is on bed rest. He is out of bed with assistance of 2. And transfer with assistance of 2. He needs assistance to set up meal tray. Patient was wash this morning, though he was tired. He was turn at 1200, 1400. Patient ID band was in place. Call bell in reach. Patient demonstrated ability to push button on call bell. Partial side rails up, fall risk identified, fall alert sigh in place. Patient is a DON/DIN. When talking with wife, she stated that she is the primary caregiver at home. Her husband sleep in a regular bed. Case manager was in this morning discussing with the wife of the patient about possible discharge to a nursing home. Patient current medication list include for angina therapy, Shorebird Monetarist to be given 20 MGM orally 2 times per day, Mentality agents; Lowercase 1 MGM orally every day at bed time, Antichrists; moderation administer consistently in regards to food/meals 200 MGM orally everyday. Anticoagulants; warring 2 MGM orally every day, patient currently not on medication. Interdisciplinary; transition 20 MGM orally every day. Interventions therapy engage; hydrazine 25 MGM orally 2 times per day. Beta adrenaline blocker; meteorology ERE 150 MGM orally every day. Cardiac Interlopes; Dioxin 127 meg orally every day. Diuretics; superannuation 17. 5 orally every day. Peptic ulcer therapy; proton 40 MGM orally every morning. Prismatic Hypertrophy agent; Tomlinson ERE 0. 4 MGM orally everyday. Patient is on Sodium Chloride 0. 9 IV 50 ml/hrs continuous. Levitation in DEW MGM IV every 24 hrs. Opprobrium-alabaster 0. OMG-3 MGM inhalation every 6 hrs. Bonaparte 200 MGM orally three times a day as needed for cough. Suffering 600 MGM oral every 12 hours to reduce viscosity of secretions. Chlorinating 25 MGM orally. Patient lab include: on 02/07/15 CB with Dif include Interruption 14. 6, Lymphocyte 21. 0, Monocots 64. 1, Censorship 0. 2. On 02/10/15, WEB count 1. 9, Hemoglobin 9. 6, Homoerotic 28. 9, Platelets 62, BUN 34, creature 0. 70, sodium 133, potassium 4. 3, Albumin 2. 8, promote 35. 5. On 02/12/15, WEB count was 0. 8, ROB count 2. 75, Hemoglobin 9. 0, Homoerotic 26. 8, Platelets 42, Interruption 4. 9, Lymphocytes 85. , Monocots 9. 7, Promote 35. 5, INNER 3. 23. On 2/9/15 patient had an cardiograms which show iterate left ventricular dilation, Hyperkinetic inferior wall. Severely reduced FEE estimated at 20-30%. Normally function mechanical valve. Diagnostic procedure and Treatment Diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (ML) and ML subtype usually involves a series of tests including complete blood count and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 201 1). The gold standard for diagnosing leukemia is an examination of cells obtained from bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The bone marrow full immature cells. This cells have tags( antigen) on the surface of cell. The specific antigens can alp diagnose the type of leukemia. Due to accelerated research and advances in oncology medicine in recent years, there are several forms of treatment available for the patient with leukemia. The main types of treatment selected for most patients with leukemia today are chemotherapy, radiation, and stem cell transplantation also know as homeopathic stem cell transplantation(HOST) (Assignations Workman, 201 3, p. 883-889). The type of treatment selected by the patient and doctor is based on many factors including the type of leukemia, the age of the patient, and other health issues or problems the patient may have. There are a few efferent treatments recommended for ML depending on the severity and the individual patient. A combination of chemotherapy drugs is the most popular initial treatment. Antibiotics may also be recommended to prevent infection which is very common in this disease. Drug therapy for patient with ML is divided in three distinctive phases: Induction, consolidation, and maintenance (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 83) Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs design to slow or stop the growth of rapidly diving immature cells in the body. While chemotherapy targets cancer cells, it can also damage health cells and cause unpleasant side effects. ML treatment is generally done in two phases: induction therapy, consolidation therapy; thus,Len induction chemotherapy a combination of dr ug is used to destroy as many leukemia cells as possible and bring blood counts to normal (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 201 1). At this phase of treatment patient emotional, physical, social state are vulnerable. The anticancer drugs take a toll on the body, making the patient more at risk for infection. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of hair, mouth sores, are among the many undesirable side effects patient experience while going through this phase. Prolonged hospitalizing are common while the patient is entropic (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 884). Then, consolidation chemotherapy is used to destroy any remaining leukemia cells that cannot be seen in the blood or bone marrow. It consist of another course of either the same drugs use for induction at a different dosage or a different combination of chemotherapy drugs; HOST also may be considered, depending on the disease subtype and the patients response to induction therapy (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 884). Not only do the body immune system is weak by the mass production f immature WEB, but chemotherapy severely suppresses the bone marrow leaving patient at an increase risk for infection. Nursing care for this patient is vital. Nurses caring for the patient with leukemia face many challenges. It is crucial that should not only understand the disease process, but treatment course as well. This enables them to educate their patient, administer treatment safely, and manage for possible side effects; but also to provide support to the patient and family. HOST is the standard treatment for the patient with leukemia who has a closely matched donor and who is in temporary remission after induction These treatments are lethal to the bone marrow, and without replacement of the stem cells by transplantation, the patient would die of infection or hemorrhage (Assignations Workman, 201 3, p. 85). Stem cells are classified by the source. HOST started with the use of allegoric is transplantation of bone mallow form a sibling or matched unrelated donor and has advanced to the use of human leukocyte antigen(HAL) There is tautologys, in which patient receives their own step cell which are collected before high-doses therapy Lastly, genetics are those that come form identical sibling (Assi gnations Workman, 201 3, p. 85). After, the frozen stem cells are thaw and given as blood transfusions by a central venous catheter or a venous access device. In order for the body to successfully take the transplanted cells a process called engagement is key to the whole transplantation process (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 887). The period after transplantation is difficult for both the patient and family due to the patient weaken immunity. During and aftermath prevention of complications Life-threatening complications in particular can require complex physical treatment but, more significantly, may arouse complex emotional, psychological and spiritual issues for both patient and nurse. The care focuses on the patient taking chemotherapy and HOST. The most difficult task for the nursing during this processes is maintain hope through this long recovery period. Infections are a major complication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (ML) undergoing intensive chemotherapy, these complications are still associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Meghan, T et al. (2012) emphasized, Preventing infection is a paramount goal for nurses caring for patients with leukemia. Interruption among hospitalized patients with acute leukemia puts them at a high risk of infection (p. 80). Hand hygiene is to be one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of infection. It is important to teach the patient about hand washing to prevent infections while this vulnerable state. Patient should be place in single rooms to prevent cross contamination. The most common infections are fungal, bacteria, and dome residual viral breakthrough (Assignations Workman, 201 3, p. 419). It is important to keep equipment used by the patient in the room, this will ensure there is no contamination. Assisted personal should be taught about washing hands often in between patients and use hand sanitized when you cant use soap and water. Avoid people with colds or the flu, thus, visiting patient should wear a mask at all times. These steps can help reduce the chances of coming into contact with someone who is sick. Patients are wipe out the majority of the time after treatment that self care is often neglected. It is imperative to teach patient, family, and assisted personal that some aspects of personal care cannot be put off for a later time. Mouth care is vital to prevent infection. Brush your teeth after meals and before bedtime, using an extra- soft toothbrush that wont hurt your gums. Inspect mouth for any sores, and report any open sores immediately. Clean your toothbrush at least weekly by either rinsing it liquid laundry bleach and then rinsing the bleach with hot running water. Skin is often the only body part protecting the patient, thus, any break can be a major potential for infection. Bathe regularly with warm water. Be careful to dry your skin completely. Use lotion to prevent cracks in your skin. Open cut and cracks may let bacteria in. Keep your skin hydrated and moisturizer. Dry, cracked skin is more likely to break and become susceptible to infections. Furthermore, squeezing or scratching pimples can rate open sores that would also place you at higher risk of infection. The same is true of biting or tearing at your cuticles. Use an electric razor instead of a blade. This may help you to avoid cuts. Patients should avoid anything raw vegetables, fruit. Cook all food thoroughly. This will help kill any potential germs that may be on raw food. Teach patient to avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables; undercooked meat, eggs, and fish, pepper, apical. The priority nursing interventions for patient with interruption are protecting him or her form infection and teaching patient and family about ways in which they can educe infection. Total patient assessment, including skin, lung, mouth, close inspection of venous access device insertion site(illustrating Workman, 201 3, p. 41 9). The patient should be monitor continuously for infection. Take temperatures according to hospital policy. Monitor the patients CB with differential. Inspect the mouth during every shift for lesions. A complete respiratory assessment should be assess for any presence of crackles, wheezes, and diminish breath sounds. Ask the patient to report any burning, painful urination, also, report any foul odor or cloudiness. It is important to maintain aseptic technique when dealing with central venous devices for dressing changes and administration of chemotherapy drugs at all times. Inspect open areas, such as C.V. every 4 hours for manifestations of infection. Change IV tubing according to hospital protocol. In addition, the patient is also vulnerable from minimal injury. Thermodynamic is defined as a decreased number of platelets in the blood, which can result in poor blood clotting. Thermodynamic is induced by chemotherapy, this poses the patient at great risk for excessive bleeding (Assignations Workman, 201 3, . 89). Patient with thermodynamic often experience include: Easy bruising, bleeding from your nose, rectum (black or bloody bowel movements), or stomach (vomiting blood or coffee-appearing material). Encourage the patient to stand unclothed in front of a mirror once a day to check for areas of bruising. Patchier, which are red spots in the skin. Economies which are larger reddish-blue patch es (bruises) on your skin. In women, periods that are heavier than normal. There are ways to manage this condition, they include: medications that stimulate the formation of platelets. One of this medication is Megan (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 421) Patient should caution to avoid taking aspirin because it increases risk for bleeding. Patients should use electrical razors. If patient want to blow nose they should do it gently. Also, they should avoid hard food. If patient wears dentures they should fit the mouth properly. If patient want to cut nails they should do so with care. Patient should avoid becoming constipated or straining by taking a stool softener. If any bleeding does occur, instruct the patient to apply pressure to the area and seek help. The most important specs of care of this patient is to maintain a safe, hazardous free environment. Moreover, the patient also suffers from anemia. Normal production of red blood cell is limited with leukemia. Anemia is relatively common in patients who undergo chemotherapy. The goal with anemia is to conserve energy and improve red blood cell counts. Anemia depends on the extend of disease and intensity of treatment. Patients are often left feeling of tiredness which may interfere with every day activities. Fatigue is the most common sign of anemia Patient may become short of breath, dizzy. As Meghan, T et al. 012) advised, Blood transfusions are given to relieve symptoms and improve patients quality of life. (p. 81). Transfusions may be one way to alleviate patients symptoms though the correction effort is fast the duration is limited ant transient. Drug therapy include the administration of arthroscopies-stimulating agent. This agents that boost the production of red blood cells. It is important for nurses to be understanding and helpful during this time of weakness and to reassure patient that is only temporary. There are ways in which nurses can help patient cope with low energy level angina from medication to nursing activities. For example, nursing staff and assisted personnel should space out nursing activities throughout the day and perform any activity possible when the patient has the most energy. It is important to monitor respiratory status during activity to determine if the patient is able to tolerate. Also, nutrition plays a vital role and should be consider because the patient needs enough calories to meet and maintain demand of body. Lastly, malnutrition among patients with leukemia is high. It is very common problem among hospitalized patient, in general; anyway, who wants to eat when sick! It is the nurse, that need to educate abut the importance of nutrition. There are many causes of malnutrition including pain, fatigue, depression, and side effects of chemotherapy. The simple most obvious cause is loss of appetite due to alter taste. Some symptoms include sore mouth, dry mouth, pain, taste and smell changes, diarrhea, fatigue, anxiety, nausea and vomiting. When encourage patient about nutrition modifications is important to keep in mind to include the patient in decision making as much as possible giving a sense of power. Asking the patient about what are some likes and dislikes.

Ethical Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ethical Foreign Policy - Essay Example In addition a global discourse of human rights is emerging, which in turn, reflects in a large number of international legal instruments.2 This discourse warrants intervention where rights are being abused on a large scale and where at the same time a global opinion in favour of democracy is observed. Why This is primarily because the "in time" availability of information makes the issue more sensitive since the natural instinct of "helping" in human nature is effectively activated. In addition due to a more accessible world people and governments (representative of the people) feel themselves to be more attached with the affairs of others as they directly or indirectly affect them politically, economically or sheer as per the national morality/psyche. This essay will first clarify ethical foreign policy. It will then examine foreign policy ethics and interests. Thirdly, it wills discuses how to construct ethical foreign policies in a government. Finally it will conclude that the most important points in the study, with a recommendation for any future work. It iWhat is ethical foreign policy It is not reflective of actual practice to posit a dichotomy between, on one hand, an ethical foreign policy, and on the other, a non-ethical foreign policy.3 The growing interaction amongst nation state at international canvass has made it impossible that the action of one state is devoid of the effect on other state. This existing interconnectedness of actions of one state and the effects on the other state had made it impossible to have foreign policy which is devoid of ethical strings. However, the depth and breadth of ethical paradigms might be different for different nations. Therefore, the issues are focused on rather how governments act ethically, according to certain criteria, and how they balance competing ethical claims. The governments must be pragmatic, because they cannot formulate foreign policy from a predetermined ethical standpoint.4 The pedestal of "ethical standpoint" has to be different for every government. The reason is that the intensity or the will to follow the ethical strings/viewpoints or even formulation of those, is directly proportional to numerous factors within the government which include military/economic might and the resultant fall out on the nation, of the event taking place. Example That is exactly what happened in case of Iraq War. To have a nuclear weapon, if seen from ethical stand point of protecting one's country, was justified from Iraq's point of view. However, US saw it as a direct threat to itself in particular and world in general. This led US to adopt pre-emptive strategy. On the other hand many of the world nations were not interested in US strategy as they were viewing the issue from the "ethical stand point" of engaging and resolving issue through dialogue with Iraq. Further, the resultant expected destabilization of the region and loss of life was not thought to be ethical enough by those nations. Reality is that US did go for the war because it had the

Essay on Tar Baby-ly Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

On Tar Baby-ly - Essay Example In the novel, Tar Baby, Toni Morrison highlights patterns of racist socialization and ever present anger using motives and actions of the characters in the story, particularly Jadine and Son. The tensions that the major and minor characters experience in the novel are reflective of PTSS. In particular, Jadine demonstrates racist socialization while Son shows ever present anger. According to DeGruy, racist socialization refers to â€Å"adoption of the slave master’s value system† which â€Å"includes the internalization of the white ideal of beauty† (DeGruy 135). Jadine is very fond of things that are pleasing to the whites. She loves the sealskin coat that her boyfriend Ryk gives her even though it is impractical to wear it in the Caribbean. She also loves cosmopolitan live, thus encourages Son to live in New York. However, she and Son cannot be together for they are far different from each other. She starts to realize this only when Son takes her to Eloe. Although she is black, she cannot appreciate things that Son values such as the wildlife. Opposed to Son, Jadine does not give importance to her race. She embraces European life and leaves her surrogate parents. She does not think of the sacrifices that Sydney and Odine do for her in order to send her to school. Instead, she thinks that Valerian is the only one who fulfills her dream by sending her to study in Paris. She claims, â€Å"the truth is I could not have done that without the help and care of some poor white dude who thought I had brains enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Morrison 51). Jadine’s racist socialization leads her to ostracize her aunt and uncle as part of her success. She gives credit only to Valerian, thus leaves her relatives behind to start a new life in New York. Ironically, Son realizes the effort of the two and tells her, â€Å"They are the ones who put you through school, woman†¦not him. They worked

Policy Process Theories Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Process Theories - Coursework Example Corporate Managers should actively show their support for managing these incidents effectively. Monitoring ensures that the policy in question being implemented is done so effectively. The parties involved will be required to make a decision on how the policy should be checked. The steps to be followed involves: who will do the monitoring? How will one will be able to know whether the system is effective? What does one desire to know and whom will you consult? What data will be used and for how long will it be used. It significance to consider how to maintain the policy lively. At the same come up with the strategies on how new pupils, staff, governors and parents should be made aware (Gornitzka, Kogan,& Amaral,2005). Evaluation can be done through the use of approved data and by consulting some pupils, staff, governors and parents. Results will not always be constant since decline will not often be revealed. Hence, there is need of application of both quantitative and qualitative data. Another theory that could be used is bureaucratic policy approach. This is where the policies are made with those empowered to so by the authority. The psychological distance enables the superiors to make a decision (Edelkamp & Schrödl 2012). Contrary, the theory seems to be rigid since predetermined procedure and process have to be adhered to. Worse still, it only advocates for overreliance on formal control (Gornitzka, Kogan,& Amaral,2005). One of the best methods to solve the complex phenomena is through the use of theories. Theories help organize and describe the complexity. Therefore, policy process researchers should know and understand as well is capable of applying adverse analytical methods that are available to

Mobile Application for Middle East Students in the UK Research Paper

Mobile Application for Middle East Students in the UK - Research Paper Example Software applications or apps are the mainstays of mobile business communications (Highsmith, 2002, p.30). Apps refer to the smartphone programs used daily in composing e-mails, updating calendars, editing documents and collaborating with colleagues. Nearly all smartphones have basic messaging apps such as SMS (text messaging), contact lists, e-mail, and calendars with room for downloading many other apps to customize the mobile business experience (Lacohee, Wakeford & Pearson, 2003, p.208). In order to conduct business successfully both within and outside the office, it is crucial to have a shared set of productivity tools. Windows Mobile is a popular operating system for smartphone due to its ability to run native versions of PowerPoint, Microsoft Word, and Excel. Other phones rely on third-party apps that allow users to edit and view Microsoft Office documents. Examples of such phones are QuickOffice and DataViz's Documents-to-Go. In addition, IT departments can customize smartpho nes into running applications related to â€Å"line of business† via the network, for instance, health records, workflow management, shipping and logistics management as well as other industry-specific software (Litchfield, 2010, n.p.). With appropriate applications, smartphones can act as powerful organizers. Pocket Informant is one of the popular contacts and calendar apps. The advantage of Pocket Informant over built-in calendar apps is its ability to provide a clear organization of complex schedules. Pocket Informant also enables one to view all the e-mails, notes and appointments for each contact in the address book (Williams & Pence, 2011, p.680). ReQall which is a new app that allows busy road-warriors to create to-do lists and calendar entries using easy voice commands. Through management of a complex network of contacts for business, only a small number of online services can beat LinkedIn that provide a native app for iPhone and before long for the Blackberry. Video conferencing and online collaboration are a boon to both national and international companies. Many powerful apps extend the online collaboration tools to the smartphone. Cisco's WebEx Meeting Center for iPhone and the Blackberry allows one to take part in the online conference as either a participant or a presenter. It allows for sharing of documents, viewing of PowerPoint presentations and IM together with various participants while teleconferencing via the smartphone (Liu & Hwang, 2010, P.E5). Another iPhone app is iShare which provides access to firm’s Microsoft SharePoint server to update workflows and collaborate on documents. Encamp for iPhone is an app smartphone that enables access to Basecamp project management workflows as well as shared documents (Highsmith, 2002, p.30).

Power Factor Correction Using Boost Converter Technique Engineering Essay

Power Factor Correction Using Boost Converter Technique Engineering Essay This paper researches a design a single phase rectifier with improved power factor by using the boost converter technique. This paper presents the use of boost converter technique can improve the power factor. By designing the needs of the techniques, the overall Power Factor (PF) would be improved to the expectation. The low power factor is caused by non-linearity of the input current. Boost converter is one of method of re-shaping the input waveform to be same pattern with the sinusoidal input voltage. The connected controls that act as a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit. The results were compared without PFC and passive PFC and active PFC. Finally the simulation results are shown to verify the performance of this modified the PFC. Keywords : rectifier , boost converter , active PFC , passive PFC , power factor correction (PFC) , power factor Introduction In most electrical and electronic power supplies, the AC input is rectified is connected directly after the diode rectifier bridge. The AC mains are common and extended source of energy. DC power supply is needed for operation of electronic equipments such as in computers, televisions, monitors and others. A simple circuit consisting of diode rectifiers and bulk capacitor can possible to obtain DC voltage. The problem of the input circuit, the high harmonic distortions on the line and excessive peak input currents are produced and the result of power factor in the system is poor. [1] In order to improve these problems, many power factor corrections of ac dc converters are presented to achieve high power factor and low harmonics distortion by modifying the input stage of the diode rectifier and the filter capacitor circuit. Power factor is defined as the ratio of the real power (P) to the apparent power (S) or cosine for pure sine wave for both current and voltage that represent s the phase angle between the current and voltage waveform. Figure 1.0a shows the power factor triangle.[2] Power factor is measure how efficiently electrical power is consumed. The power factor can vary between 0 to 1. It can be either lagging (inductive) or leading (capacitive). The poor power factor result in reduced efficiency which increases cost electricity.[2] Many utilities companies call upon penalties for the low power factor. When a converter has less than unity power factor, it means that the converter absorbs apparent power that is higher the active power it consumes. A higher VA rating than the load needed from the power source should be rated. Figure 1.0a: Power factor triangle The boost converter most widely used topology for achieving power factor correction. The figure shows the PFC boost converter circuit. [3] The process of reshaping the input current is done by boost converter. The bulk energy storage capacitor sits on the output side of the boost converter rather than just after the diode bridge. The control circuit for this project used low-cost components and satisfactory results. Figure 1.0b: relationship of Ac input voltage and current Figure 1.0b is show the waveform of relationship between Ac input voltage and current. The waveform is due the purely resistive non linear load. SYSTEM DESRIPTION A single phase rectifier with boost converter is shown in figure 1. Boost converter is used for reshaping input current. Figure 1.1a: Boost PFC converter Figure 1.1b: Voltages and currents waveforms Figure 1.1a and 1.1b shows that the basic configuration of rectifier that uses Boost converter technique as PFC with its respective voltages and currents. The input current would be highly non-linear for rectifier without PFC. It happened when the capacitor is having large value. [4] The boost converter involves a switch, a diode, an inductor and a capacitor. The switch and diode are depending on the voltage and current stress that they must handle for all the possible operating conditions. The boost converter also called step up converter which is the output voltage always greater than the input voltage. POWER FACTOR CORRECTION Power factor correction (PFC) is one of the methods to improve the low power factor of a system by using suitable devices. There are two type of the PFC namely the passive and active power factor correction. The aim of the power factor correction circuits is to make the input of the power supply behave like purely resistive or a resistor.[4,5] By using the passive PFC, it can achieve the objective of the low power factor applications. The addition of a filter inductor which is connected to the series with the input circuit, the passive elements is introduced to improve the line current. This passive element will increased to a value of 0.7 approximately. The achievement is degraded with the smaller values of inductance. The passive PFC is more suitable at lower power levels. The active power factor correction results are more suitable option for achieving the nearest unity power factor and the sinusoidal input current waveform. The active PFC design functions by controlling the input current in order to make the current waveform behave like the supply voltage. A converter and switching frequencies higher than the AC line frequency is added between the output of the diode bridge rectifier and the bulk capacitor in the active power factor correction. NON ISOLATED ISOLATED BOOST/BUCK, BUCK+BOOST PWM RECTIFIER FLYBACK FORWARD PWM RECTIFIER HIGH FREQUENCY LOW FREQUENCY P.W.M RESONANT Singe phase OFFLINE PDC circuit ACTIVE PFC PASSIVE PFC Figure 1.2: singe phase offline PFC topologies. PASSIVE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION The AC-DC converter comprises of a full bridge rectifier followed by a large filter capacitor for the input stage. The input current for the rectifier circuit comprises of the largest discontinuous peak current pulses. The high distortion of the input current occurs due to the diode rectifier conduct for the short period.[7] By using this passive power factor correction, the value of the power factor can be increased of the 0.7 approximately. Increasing power factor due to the idea of passive PFC which is to filter out the harmonic currents by using low pass filter. Thus, this passive power factor correction has the following main advantages and disadvantages: Advantages à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ it has a simple structure, it is reliable and rugged. The cost was very low and the high frequency switching losses are not sensitive to noises. Disadvantages à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ it create harmonic, it has poor power factor, it produces high losses and it reduces power maximum power capability from the load. In the passive PFC, the use of the inductor in the input circuit is simply used. . ACTIVE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION An active PFC is a power electronic device designed to control the amount of power drawn by a load and obtain a power factor as close as possible to unity. In an active PFC, the function was by controlling the input current and make the current behave like supply voltage. There are two classes of the active PFC solutions which are the low frequency and the high frequency active power factor correction. METHODOLOGY The simulation process is carried out by using PSIM software. The PSIM simulation model for overall system is shown in figure 2.0. The simulation circuit can be divided to three sections which are the main source (input), the PFC (rectifier) and the load (output). Figure 2.0: PSIM simulation model for overall system The software simulation process is divided into three steps which are non linear load, passive PFC and active PFC (boost converter). Start Without PFC. Simulation process using PSIM With PFC by using active filter (boost converter) With PFC by using passive PFC 1 2 3 Figure 2.1: flowchart of the simulation process First, a non-linear load without PFC is simulated for proof of concept using PFC. Figure 2.1.1 shows the flowchart of the process of the first simulation step. 1 Circuit modeling Connect a non linear load Desired result End Yes No Circuit simulation Figure 2.2: flowchart without PFC circuit In the next step, passive PFC is added in the circuit. The passive PFC which is additional to the diode bridge rectifier. The passive elements are introduced to improve the nature of line current. As the voltage increases, the sizes of PFC components increase too. Figure 2.1.2 shows the flowchart of the process of the second simulation step. 2 Circuit modeling Connect a non linear load Add passive element to the circuit Desired result End Yes No Circuit simulation Desired result End Yes No Circuit simulation 3 Circuit modeling Connect a non linear load Add boost converter after bridge diode in the circuit Add control circuit Figure 2.1.2 : flowchart for third simulation Figure 2.1.2: flowchart for second simulation In the third step, an active PFC replaced the passive PFC. The boost converter is added in this circuit. An active PFC can control the amount of power drawn by a load and obtains the power factor as close as possible to unity. Then the control circuit also added to the boost converter. Mosfet is used in the boost converter circuit which is a switching. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Without Power Factor Correction For the non linear load which is the circuit without the PFC , the power factor is low compares to the the using of power factor correction. From the waveforms , as we can see the power factor is 0.6 from 0.1 seconds onwards. The shape of input current is not likely the the shape of input voltage. It it because there are some disturbance happened in system. Figure 3.1 : without PFC Figure 3.2 : PF , Vin and Iin waveforms With Passive Power Factor The first step of the simulation is designed for non linear load. In the next step, a passive element which is the inductor is added to improve the nature of the line current. From these figure, the power factor increased to 0.7. The shape of input current also not behave like the input voltage. But it was better compare to using without PFC. Figure 3.3: Passive Power Factor Correction Figure 3.4: PF, Vin and Iin waveforms With Active Power Factor Correction by using Boost Converter In this step, the boost converter replaced the passive element which is using the Mosfet as the switch. Through the simulation, the power factor is improved to 0.9 from 0.1 seconds onwards. The process of reshaping the input current happened. The shape of input current also likely of the shape input voltage. From this simulation, by using the boost converter is obtained to get the power factor as close as possible to unity. The main of AC input voltage is rectified to the boost converter that mainly consisting of an inductor, Mosfet, a power diode, and a bulk capacitor. The boost converter is one of the high switching frequency topologies. Figure 3.5: PF, input current and input voltage waveforms Types Power factor Without PFC 0.6 Passive PFC 0.7 Acvtive PFC 0.9 Table 1: the value of power factor from simulation The table 1 shows that the power factor increase from 0.6 to 0.9. We get these values from the simulation of the three circuits. The rectifier with power factor correction was developed to realize the performance of this project. The power factor improvement by using active PFC was get good result compare to using passive filter. It is because the active PFC is more complex than passive PFC. the power factor correction makes the load look likely resistive element compare to a nonlinear load one without PFC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the simulation results matched to the theories involved. This paper presents a research about power factor improvement by using power factor correction. The use of the power factor correction is to improve the low power factor and to make the input of power supply behave like to the purely resistive. The PFC circuitry that the controls the Boost converter is having the limitation when the loads current are smaller. The circuit will avoid the AC current to flow exceeding to the load demand. From the simulation results , the power factor is almost unity and purely sinusoidal input current followed the input voltage. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to sincere thank you to my supervisor PM Pauziah bt Mohd Arsad , deparment of Electrical Engineering , UiTM Shah Alam for providing me the necessary guidance to carry out this project. I would like to take this opportunity to thank her for her constant support and guiding me throughout my work. Besides, I also would like to sincere thanks to my parents because always support me. Then thanks to all my friends who are help me during my project was running.